1，定语从句

that/which+主谓

Tom是那个在我们学校做交换生的外国男孩

Tom is the person who works as a visiting students in our university. (同位语从句)

特别地：

当先行词是不定代词，或受到最高级修饰时，用that 不用Which.

That 前不能有介词，in that 是原因状语从句的引导词。

2) 句子，which +主 谓

调查显示，在这次车祸中大约有50人丧生。

An investigation was made into the accident, in which fifty people were killed.

住在澳洲中部的沙漠区有很多问题，获取水资源还不是最重要的。

Living in the central Australian desert has its problem,of which obtaining water is not the least. (AS)

3，名词+名词+谓语

这是我看过的最好的电影

This is the best film I have ever seen.

如果先行词做定语从句的宾语，则省略which 或that whom

构造 复杂句式的方法一

同位语从句

主 +谓+宾 that +主谓

The proposal that Tom told me was right.

The proposal that we set off early was right.

1)同位语从句用that 不能用which

2)同位语从句中that 是连伺， 定语从句中 that 是代词 (虚拟语气)

3) 大包小结构(复杂句式方法二)

分词和不定式

分词作定语

能够满足他们需要 的软件已经被生产出来了。

The software meeting their requirement has been produced by that factory.

The software that meets their requirement has been produced by that factory

由两个工程师设计的用来在外空使用的计算机程序能满足他们的需要。

The computer case designed by two engineers for use in outer space satisfies their requirements

The computer case which is designed by two engineers for use in outer space satisfies their requirements

特别地：

1)现在分词与定语从句的替换关系。(现—主动；过去— 被动)

2)现在分词表主动和正在进行；过去分词表被动和已完成

3)过去分词和动词过去式的混同(构造复杂句式方法三)

分词做状语

1，对相片很不满意，玛丽将相片撕成碎片。

Because Mary is dissatisfied with the picture ,she tore it into pieces.

Being thoroughly dissatisfied with the picture ,Mary tore it into pieces

特别地：

如果状语从句(目的状语除外)的主语和主句的主语一致，我们可以用分词短语代替从句。使用现在分词还是过去分词，取决于主句主语同分词的原动词之间的关系：主谓则是现在分词，动宾则是过去分词。

2，这种庄稼和前一种有相同的品质，都具有抗风性并且都适合同一种土壤。(92.6)

This crop has similar qualities to the previous one, being both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil

不定式做定语(表目的)

名词加不定式

我对解决这个问题的建议如下：

My suggestions to deal with this problems are as follows.

竞争的压力令美国人精力充沛的同时，也使他们陷于持续的精神紧张状态。

The pressure to compete causes Americans to be energetic ,but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain

(pressure, anything ,something ,nothing ,much ,little,

ability )

不定式做状语(表目的)

To be qualified with the job, you should acquire adequate knowledge.

特别地：

不定式与分词都可做状语与定语，不定式表目的，而分词表除目的以外的其它。

As 的用法

As is known to all

As is known to all, Mark Twain is a great American writer.

特别地：

非限定定语从句(位于句首，且主句实为从句的主语时)

As far as +主语+be+concerned.

至于说到我，我支持第一种观点

As far as I’m concerned, I’m in favor of the former view.

至于说到信息在现代社会中的作用，我它对人们的生活产生重要的影响。

As far as the role of information is concerned, I believe that it will have great impact on people’s daily life.

adj/adv+as +主谓

Noble as he is ,he is real frugal